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James Hankins
On History and Political Thought


Republics and the Ethical Ideal of Democracy
Law and Liberty, November 8, 2024 A disturbing feature of the present moment in our public life is that both sides are accusing the other of being a threat to democracy. People who hold that the events of January 6, 2020, can be plausibly described as the worst insurrection since the Civil War identify the Republican candidate as the chief source of this threat. The wealthiest man in the world shouts back through his megaphone on “X” that the real threat to democracy comes


Equality Before Egalitarianism
Law and Liberty , November 27, 2023 I've long admired Gordon Wood's The Radicalism of the American Revolution as a model of intellectual...


Augustus and the Salvation of Rome
First Things , November 7, 2023 With the victory of Octavian Caesar, the heir of Julius Caesar, over Antony and Cleopatra at the battle...


The Roman Custom
The New Criterion , September 2023 A c lassic debate among historians of Rome attempts to answer the question of how this city-state on...


The Greatness of Alexander
First Things , May 12, 2023 King Alexander III of Macedon is beyond doubt among the greatest figures in world history. But was he a great...


The Honor Deficit
First Things , March 4, 2022 Historians who write about merchant republics during the Renaissance often speak of an “honor deficit,” an...


Intellectual Freedom in Medieval Universities
First Things , February 4, 2022 Many academics today are dismayed by the growing intolerance of heterodox thinking in contemporary...


Sécularité classique versus sécularisme libéral
Société, Droit et Religion , February 2, 2022 Certains lecteurs peuvent être étonnés de voir le terme «sécularité» dans le titre de cet...


St. Basil’s Guide to Cultural Appropriation
First Things, December 7, 2021 Perhaps the most remarkable feature of the European Renaissance was the profound harmony it achieved...


Meritocracy Ancient and Modern
Law & Liberty , September 20, 2021 Old-school historians like me tend to be shy about using modern terminology to describe pre-modern...


Civilization and Tradition
The New Criterion, September 2021 A civilization is a complex system of customs, practices, and beliefs that binds a society or a...


How to Build Your Own Renaissance
Public Discourse, July 28, 2021 Suppose you were living at a time when all around you, it seemed, civilization was breaking down....


The Enlightenment's How of Happiness
Law & Liberty, June 17, 2021 It’s always difficult for persons of a conservative temperament to know what to think about the...


Bonfire of the Verities
First Things, June 1, 2021 Twenty-twenty was a tough year for the tradition-minded, and so far, 2021 isn’t any better. Those of us who...


Political Thought in an Age of Conformity: The Consolations of Philosophy
Claremont Review of Books, Spring 2021 Ours is an age of intellectual conformity. Perhaps this is true to some extent of all ages, as...


The Myth of Renaissance Secular Humanism
Sacred Architecture Journal, Spring 2021 "Christian humanism” seems an oxymoron. Since the nineteenth century, humanism has been widely...


Hyperpartisanship: A Barbarous Term for a Barbarous Age
Claremont Review of Books, Winter 2020 I don’t find the word “hyperpartisanship” in any dictionary. It’s not in the Oxford English...


Taking Liberties with the Story of Freedom
Law & Liberty, October 5. 2020 It was about fifteen years ago, I believe, that I first became aware that “classical liberalism” was a...


Classical Secularity Versus Liberal Secularism
Church Life Journal, June 24, 2020 Some readers may be puzzled to see the term “secularity” in the title of this essay in place of the...


Imprudent Expertise
First Things, June 1, 2020 Human beings have always yearned to know the future, and there have always been other human beings who claimed...
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